Made in October 2026. Each country’s rule was read from its own law or transport authority on 24–25 Oct 2026; every source is linked in the full table: https://copilot.travel/maps/winter-tyres
A few things that surprised me:
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Estonia requires winter tyres 1 Dec–1 Mar whatever the weather; Finland 1 Nov–31 Mar only when conditions require.
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Germany only accepts tyres with the snowflake (3PMSF) mark in wintry conditions; old M+S-only tyres no longer count.
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Caravans need winter tyres too in Finland, Sweden, Estonia and Lithuania; in Germany, Austria and France the rule only covers the towing car.


There are also all season tires (marked M+S I think) that work through all the year but not particularly well in any season. The problem with changing tires is winter tires life span which is typically 5 years. Thus if you don’t drive much, you end up disposing not much used ones every 5 years resulting in ecological and financial problems.
Crashing is a ecological and financial problem.
Decent all season tires have both marks (M+S and 3PMSF) and are accepted in all countries.
You are right that the tire is a compromise, but in practice the better all season tires are convenient and sufficient for most drivers, especially in countries with a predominantly mild climate. Their biggest downside is cost vs mileage.
The downside is also that they are not good in either season.
IIRC 3PMSF aren’t actually all-season, they’re winter tires. You can use them in the summer if they don’t have studs though