I’ve been thinking lately about AI poisoning. I want to make this post a thread for suggestions about which tools we can use to fight back. Bear in mind that I’m only talking about poisoning tools, not blocklists or bot-detection utilities. Here’s a short list of what I have so far:
Website protection tarpits for text poisoning (fighting web scrapers):
- Nepenthes was one of the first. In the words of its author, “I’m just fed up, and you know what? Let’s fight back, even if it’s not successful. Be indigestible. Grow spikes.” Nepenthes’s demo page is here.
- Iocaine is the best tarpit I know of right now. It’s very well-designed and performant. Version 3.0x is complete, and the fourth version is a work in progress. It’s made by Gergely Nagy, who goes by the pseudonym “algernon”, after the character by the same name from Flowers for Algernon, by Daniel Keyes. Iocaine’s demo page is here.
Image poisoning tools:
- Nightshade is an image poisoning tool developed by the University of Chicago. Nightshade is a part of the Glaze project, which also includes WebGlaze and Glaze itself.


So, I love this idea.
Good old simple Markov chains are probably a pretty great way to poison LLMs if you’re smart about it. The trick is that your poisoning tool needs to be able to automatically generate babble that cannot be automatically distinguished from “good”/“useful” training data. Just generating words randomly chosen from a dictionary without considering what word it comes after would be pretty easy to detect just because the statistics around what words follow what words would vary greatly from that of usable training data. So, good idea.
But then again, I suspect getting poisoning data “right” is probably pretty difficult. So it might make sense to use Markov babble in conjunction with other ways of generating poisoning data.
I’ve considered making a community dedicated specifically to letting folks write stuff (with their human brains) intended to poison LLMs. LLMs might scrape it and get poisoned. But also, people could incorporate a bunch of that content into their poisoning solutions. And human intelligence generating content specifically to poison LLMs could potentially be pretty well tuned to produce maximum model-collapse impact for a minimum amount of actual text.
Some techniques folks might use:
I dunno. What are people’s thoughts? Sound like a helpful approach?